Supporting initiation, development and resolution of appropriate immune responses is key to survival. Many nutrients and dietary components have been purported to have a role in supporting optimal immune function. This is vital throughout the life course, from the development and programming of the immune system in early life, to supporting immunity and reducing chronic inflammation in older people. In this special issue of Nutrients, we examine the evidence for the role of diet and dietary components in promoting protective immunity.
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adhesion molecules adults age-related immunity amino acids anorexia nervosa anti-inflammation anti-tumorigenic antibody arachidonic acid autoimmune diseases bioactive peptide biomarker breast milk cancer carbohydrates chemokines chronic inflammatory conditions cyclooxygenase (COX) cytokines deficiency dendritic cells elderly extra-cellular signal regulated kinases (ERK) fatty acids fermented milk fiber food structure formulation functional foods growth factors gut gut barrier gut microbiota homeostasis human milk oligosaccharides immune system immunity immunomodulation immunonutrition immunosenescence infants infection inflammation inflammatory markers inflammatory process inhibitor of kappa kinase (IKK) intestinal immune system leukocytes life course lipoxygenase (LOX) liver lymphocytes macronutrients macrophage macrophages metabolism metabolites microbiome microbiota micronutrients mitogen-activated protein Kinase (MAPK) molecular mechanisms nitric oxide synthase (NOS) non-digestible carbohydrates nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-?B) nutrition nutrition guidelines obesity older people oligosaccharides oxidative stress plant polyphenols prebiotic probiotic protein hydrolysate reactive oxygen species (ROS) selenocysteine sepsis skeletal muscle superoxide dismutase (SOD) supplementation T cell T cells T helper 1 (Th1) Th1/Th17 response Th17 tolerance Toll-like receptor toll-like receptor 4 Treg vitamin D vitamin E weaning zinc Medicine